Ireland and Its Development Essay -- Irish Ireland Economy Essays

Ireland and Its Development 1. Presentation Ireland has confronted incredibly quick advancement in numerous modern parts during the most recent decades. This has not occurred coincidentally and that is the thing that made it for us an intriguing case to concentrate with regards to more detail. The Irish government strategy towards Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) has influenced in huge stretch out to Multinational Organizations’ venture choices into Ireland. The FDI is one of the primary concentrations through the paper as we see that they have majorly affected the advancement of Ireland during the 80’s and 90’s. In this paper we will concentrate on three principle zones. First territory is a view to the chronicled improvement of the nation from the for the most part rural driven society in the 50’s to an exceptionally created modern nation in the 21st century. The second piece of this paper will concentrate all the more cautiously on the reasons why this improvement has been conceivable. We will experience some hypothesis about government strategy in pulling in Foreign Direct Investments. The last piece of this paper will concentrate on the organization perspective of FDI. We will experience one organization model and examine this as per a presented hypothesis of organizations doing FDI. With this paper the gathering needs to give the peruser an increasingly explicit view to the quick and all around arranged improvement Ireland has had the option to reach during the ongoing decades. We trust that this view urges the peruser to investigate the interesting Irish culture and we trust that the peruser will get some recognition what potential devices an administration needs to pull in remote firms to put resources into the host nation. 2. Financial History 2.1 Overview Ireland will go down in financial history as the monetary marvel in the most recent decade of the twentieth century. For the majority of the twentieth century albeit, even well into the late 1980s, Ireland was in monetary terms very fruitless. Ceaseless joblessness prompted enormous migration streams and hosed enterprising movement. The country’s financial circumstance in the long run arrived at emergency levels as a result of the overflow impacts of the two oil stuns of the 1970s and the high loan fees coming about because of the United States’ hostile to inflationary approaches of the mid 1980s. By 1988, the open obligation surpassed 140% of Irelands GDP. In any case, the joblessness circumstance was likewise genuine, resettlement resurged, the economy stag... ...Donnell Kevin D.; â€Å"The monetary change of Ireland-Underpinnings, Impact and Sustainability of the Rapid Economic Growth†; Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, 1998 †¢Ã‚     OECD; â€Å"Knowledge worth the investment†, OECD 2003 (http://www.oecdwash.org/NEWS/LOCAL/oecdwash-jan2003.pdf) †¢Ã‚     Somers Michael J; â€Å"The Irish Economy†, National Treasury Management Agency, 2000 (http://www.ntma.ie/Publications/Parismay00.pdf) †¢Ã‚     Torkildsen, Erik et al.; â€Å"Ireland in the Global Market for Foreign Direct Investment-An investigation of Eight Norwegian Companies†; Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, 1996 †¢Ã‚     World Bank; Social Policy and Macroeconomics: The Irish Experience, World Bank, 2001 (http://www.worldbank.org/transitionnewsletter/octnovdec02/pgs20-23.htm) †¢Ã‚     World Bank; â€Å"Ireland: Participation in macroeconomic policymaking and reform†, World Bank 2002 (http://www.worldbank.org/interest/web/webfiles/ireland.htm) Web sources †¢Ã¢ â â â â http://www.ida.ie †¢Ã¢ â â â â http://www.oecd.org/htm/M00008000/M00008465.htm †¢Ã¢ â â â â http://www.cso.ie †¢Ã¢ â â â â www.finance.gov.ie †¢Ã¢ â â â â http://www.cia.gov/cia/distributions/factbook/geos/ei.html

Stalin and the Five Year Plans Free Essays

Stalin’s strategy to take Germany forward was utilizing multi year plans. Stalin accepted there was requirement for these five-year designs as : First of every a significant number of the districts were behind different nations in development and that the USSR were in reverse Stalin accepted that to be in reverse you are crushed and oppressed yet on the off chance that you are influential individuals must be careful with you. Stalin likewise accepted (with Lenin) the USSR ought to surpass and out strip the entrepreneur nations He trusted Socialism in one nation and the USSR would be sufficiently amazing to endure at that point would assume control over the remainder of the world. We will compose a custom article test on Stalin and the Five Year Plans or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Another purpose behind the multi year plans was on the grounds that he accepted that Germany would attack and in one of his speechs he said â€Å"If we have a decent effect in 10 years or so they will squash us. In conclusion the multi year plans incorporated a great deal of valuable purposeful publicity which helped protray Stalin as an extremely wonderful and influential man. In the initial multi year plan Stalin concentrated on radip industrialisation. He requested a 200% expansion in iron creation and a 335% in electrical force. To do this Stalin utilized alot of detainees as they were modest and in a huge flexibly. On the off chance that a laborer was seen as liable of injustice under any circumstances they would either be shot or sent to constrained work on the Baltic Sea Canal or the Siberian railroad. In Soviet Union specialists developed damns,roads,railways and trenches which all assisted with growing the business and assembling. In spite of the fact that plant yield took off because of the initial Multi year plan the horticultural creation was harmed. In 1932, grain creation was 32 % underneath normal whic brought about an across the board starvation. Second arrangement For the Second FIve Year Plan, Stalin extended the objectives of his past arrangement and kept on underlining on overwhelming industry. This plan’s point was to propel the Soviet Unions correspondence frameworks particularly railroads which improved in speed and dependability. The Second Five Year Plan didnt arrive at the degree of progress that the First Five Year plan did with the creation levels in coal and oil enterprises. The First Multi year plan energized a high status family life and In the Second Five Year Plan started a lower expectation for everyday comforts as purchaser inclinations were dismissed and center moved toward military merchandise and substantial industry Third Plan The Third Multi year plan went on for just multi year, as it was hindered by Germany’s presentation of war on the Soviet Union During world war II. Stalin kept on actualizing extra Five Yer Plans in the Years following WWII. By 1952 the modern creation was about twofold 1941 level. Stalin’s Five Year Plans changed the Soviet Union from an undeveloped Society of Peasent to a progressed modern economy. Instructions to refer to Stalin and the Five Year Plans, Essay models

The Effects of Playing Online Games and Using Internet to Teenagers and Young Adults Nowadays free essay sample

THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING ONLINE GAMES AND USING INTERNET TO TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS NOWADAYS A Term Paper introduced to the English Faculty of the College of Business Education and Administration, New Era University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Business Administration By: Gemmie F. Juachon Novelyn M. Plan Charisse Gail M. Ponte Fhelnan V. Gallano March 2009 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The scientists offer their sincerest thanks to all people who, somehow added to the finish of this work. To all whose help and backing were instrumental in the scholastic satisfaction of this bit of work in planning and finishing this research paper, this affirmation is expected. Prof. Joana Marie Diaz, the researchers’ counselor, for expanding significant help and backing, her bits of knowledge, time and skill in provide guidance and direction which rushed the culmination of this investigation. To the researchers’ dear guardians, who bolstered and persistently gave supportive gestures for the scientists to go on. We will compose a custom paper test on The Effects of Playing Online Games and Using Internet to Teenagers and Young Adults Nowadays or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page All who somehow had given their ethical help to complete the bit of work. Most importantly, our Almighty God, for enriching the specialists the information and shrewdness, quality and some assistance to embrace a troublesome errand and to make this investigation a triumph. G. N. C. F. Devotion The analysts submissively commit this undertaking to their folks who are consistently there for them each time they required them the most and who have genuinely spurred and fill in as their motivations in directing this examination. Their companions for their affection, backing and support, for without them, this work would have been meaningless†¦ Most importantly, to the Dearest Almighty Father for the direction, astuteness, great wellbeing and endowments, He generally presents the scientists. G. N. C. F. Postulation ABSTRACT Title: THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING ONLINE GAMES AND USING INTERNET TO TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS NOWADAYS Researchers:Gemmie F. Juachon Novelyn M. Plan Charisse Gail M. Ponte Fhelnan V. Gallano Course:Bachelor of Science Business Administration Major:Business Management School:New Era University Year:March 2009 Adviser:Mrs. Joana Marie Diaz STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This examination intended to decide the impacts of playing web based games and utilizing the web to adolescents and youthful grown-ups these days. In particular, it looked for answers to the accompanying inquiries: 1. What is the profile of the adolescents/youthful grown-ups †members regarding: 1. age 2. sexual orientation 3. mindfulness in web/web based game fixation 4. period of time utilizing the web 5. recurrence of playing internet games or riding the net 2. What are the explanations behind playing web based games and riding the net for the respondents? 3. Does the web and web based gaming fixation similarly as risky as substance enslavement? . What are the focal points and the drawbacks of playing web based games and riding the web? 5. What are the reasons for over the top utilization of web and internet gaming? Synopsis OF FINDINGS The specialists accomplished the accompanying rundown of discoveries which were made on the announcement of the issue. 1. What is the profile of the adolescents/youthful grown-ups †members regarding: 1. Age. The participants’ normal age is 17 years of age. 2. Sexual orientation. There are a larger number of guys included as opposed to females. 3. Mindfulness in web/internet game compulsion. The teenagers and youthful grown-ups today know about this sort of habit and they accept that digital fixation is a substantial utilization of Internet, by the by practically every one of them accept that digital compulsion needn't bother with treatment and medication. 4. Period of time utilizing the web. A large portion of the young people utilize the Internet a few hours in a day, which is a sensible number of hours, and not many of them don’t utilize the Internet four to five hours every day. 5. Recurrence of playing web based games or riding the net. A large portion of the respondents concurred that utilizing Internet is only a few days in the week and not many of the respondents concurred that Internet is utilized day by day. . What are the reasons/reason for playing internet games and riding the net for the respondents? The significant explanation or motivation behind web based gaming is for amusement while in web surfing, its significant explanation or object is for tal king and messages. 3. Does the web and web based gaming fixation similarly as perilous as substance compulsion? The digital dependence is at a similar level with illicit drug use. In spite of the fact that it is less savage and simpler to treat, however the impacts are the equivalent as far as physical and mental. 4. What are the points of interest and the inconveniences of playing web based games and riding the web? The significant bit of leeway of playing web based games and riding the net is to alleviation stress and to engage. While the drawbacks of these are the likelihood to get dependent on these exercises and disregard different exercises which are increasingly significant particularly their needs in schools and families. 5. What are the reasons for over the top utilization of web and internet gaming? There are two factors that cause digital habit; mental variables and social elements. Under the mental variables are dejection, nervousness, stress, epression, and reluctance. While under in social elements are peer impact, making companions or â€Å"virtual friends†, and social connections that influence the requirement for them to play. End From the rundown of finding, the analysts come to the accompanying end results: 1. The Internet isn't the adversary since individuals become snared on it. It has numerous significant and essential advantages. It is quick, biologically solid, adva ntageous, and educational. From various perspectives it makes our lives a lot less complex. From various perspectives it makes our lives increasingly unpredictable. The Internet gives a departure from the real world and ordinary issues simply like liquor or medications. 2. Compulsion is as yet a fixation, either by compound or specialized. And a wide range of fixation may influence any individual’s life including nature and others that encompass him. 3. Web fixation is the equivalent with other unmistakable addictions like liquor and medications. Despite the fact that it is less vicious, the causes, results and the impacts are the equivalent. Both are reasons for mental and social components and they are directed to physical and mental scatters. 4. More guys are inclined into fixation in playing web based games. In light of the investigations of scientists in Stanford University that the piece of the cerebrum that creates compensating emotions is more initiated in men than ladies. Be that as it may, ladies are bound to get dependent in different kinds of utilization, for example, talking, texting and web based shopping. 5. Emphatically, the adolescents and youthful grown-ups today know about the awful impacts of web. They despite everything comprehend what are their needs throughout everyday life; their investigations, families and companions. 6. Web based games and web surfing are not only a pastime or for ntertainment as the vast majority of the respondents use in this examination assume, be that as it may, it is intended for building another persona to make another life basically and to make new companions. Proposal The accompanying suggestions were figured by the specialists. To the Administrators, they should arrange with the web retailers outside the school grounds to screen the understudies with their online exercises to forestall such fixation. They could likewise offer limitations to the minor understudies, particularly secondary school and grade levels, that they should utilize the web after their school hours. To the Parents, they should offer impediment to their youngsters in utilizing the web and discover a route how to screen their online exercises. To the Students, they should control their utilization in web. They may likewise teach themselves by rehearsing time the board and with along these lines; they can improve their investigation propensities, way of life and groundwork for their future. To the Internet shops proprietors, they may have warnings in their shops saying that the minors are not permitted to play during their school hours. What's more, they should likewise set up their shops with estimation of 50 meters from schools. Chapter by chapter guide TITLE PAGES Title Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I Acknowledgment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ii Dedication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. iii Thesis Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. iv Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦xii List of Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. xiv List of Figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. xiv List of Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. xv Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. 1 Statement of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Null Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢?

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Online Term Paper Writing Services Reviews

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Richard Blanco Essay Poetry - 1158 Words

One Inaugural Today Richard Blanco is the son of two immigrants from Cuba: he grew up in a Cuban cohort in Miami, Florida. It was instilled in him at a young age that his ancestry and America were one in the same. They were both magical. His foreign home was talked about often, never condemned, while America was their physical home and their place to earn a better life than their previous one could afford them. Blanco’s poem, â€Å"One Today,† exhibits his cultural pride, optimism, and gratitude for life and his country: The United States. Blanco crafted his work in such a way that maneuvering from the inside out reflects the clearest picture of what I believe he was trying to say. We are all â€Å"one†: we can create subgroups and caste†¦show more content†¦This indicates the variety and differences in goals and aspirations that can encompass the American Dream, which is true for every individual, but they still are American dreams. As well, as raises t he issue of homosexuality. Blanco, himself, has admitted that it took him until his late twenties to come out of the closet and that he waited mostly because of how he was raised (being gay was thought to be unacceptable). What he wanted from his father was acceptance, approval: â€Å"fruit stands: apples, limes, and oranges arrayed like rainbows begging our praise† (lines 10-1). This is a metaphor of himself and his wanting to be â€Å"approv[ed]† for what he was and is, and it is also representative of the countless others, that are all around us, who feel they must hide and be ashamed. Our differences, no matter how we tie them together, raise another issue in Blanco’s life and in everyone’s life: family. This is an issue everywhere, whether one has an adoptive, mixed, half, semi-normal, lack-of-a, or a nuclear family, family influences everyone, it unites us in humanity: casts judgment, gives praise, provides support, and frustration. Because even tho ugh, Blanco’s relationship withShow MoreRelatedLife of Dr. Jose P. Rizal6588 Words   |  27 Pagesadvancing unheard-of political ideas of freedom and individual rights which infuriated the authorities.[12][13] Despite the name change, Jose, as Rizal soon distinguishes himself in poetry writing contests, impressing his professors with his facility with Castilian and other foreign languages, and later, in writing essays that are critical of the Spanish historical accounts of the pre-colonial Philippine societies. Indeed, by 1891, the year he finished his El filibusterismo, this second surname had

The Prayer Of The Church Essay - 2544 Words

3. They Are Willing to Be Baptized Without Delay â€Å"Then those who gladly received his word were baptized; and that day about three thousand souls were added to them.† (Acts 2:41) 4. They Are Diligent in the Teaching of the Word of God, in the Brotherly Communion and in the Prayer â€Å"And they continued steadfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and in prayers. Then fear came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles Now all who believed were together, and had all things in common, and sold their possessions and goods, and divided them among all, as anyone had need. So continuing daily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread from house to house, they ate, their food with gladness and simplicity of heart, praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord added to the church daily those who were being saved.† (Acts 2:42-47) 5. They Are United Together â€Å"These all continued with one accord in prayer and supplication, with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.† (Acts 1:14) â€Å"Now I plead with you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment.† (1 Corinthians 1:10) 6. They Take Care of Their Pastors â€Å"Who ever goes to war at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Or who tendsShow MoreRelatedA Church Not Meant for Prayers714 Words   |  3 PagesA church not meant for prayers Glasgow is well known for being an inventive city, and so is its architecture. Electing the best of the city is not only a matter of beauty, it has to embrace all the characteristics that makes something Glaswegian: history, creativity, beauty and also a little alcohol. 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Case Study of Tom Free-Samples for Students Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucss the Case Study of Tom. Answer: Summary of family distress Tom is a 55-year-old man hospitalized with advanced lung cancer and multiple metastases. He is under morphine/midazolam syringe driver that he heavily contested. His daughter Carina, who claims to have power of attorney, wants the morphine withdrawn, something better to be administered and everything to be done to save him. Jimmys son disputes the power of attorney claims and argues that Toms wife Cec is the sole guardian and that his father did an advanced care paper. Although not sure of this, he believes that this would override the guardian issue. Main issues Several ethical dilemmas and medical issues arise in the provision of palliative care for Tom. The main issue in this case relates to the treatment of patients under palliative care. The first overriding issue is respecting the rights of patients. The autonomy pillar of medical ethics argues that the patient has a right to refuse or choose any given type of treatment. In the case of John, the administration of morphine/ midazolam syringe driver was done against his contestation of the treatment raising ethical concerns regarding failure to respect his right to choose or refuse treatment. Another key issue is the place of the power of attorney and its place in the provision of palliative care. The power of attorney regarding palliative care is a legal document in which the patient appoints someone to make decisions for him/her regarding medication, surgery or any other medical procedures. By claiming to have power of attorney, Carina has the authority to make decisions for her father. She has a right to stop any medication and demand treatment for her father, but she must act in the best interest of the patient. Given her authority, Carina makes demands, which I must consider as a nurse, including stopping the morphine treatment and introducing a better treatment and doing whatever is possible to save her father. Nevertheless, the legality of the power of attorney claims is questionable since Jimmy raises a dispute concerning the same. An ethical dilemma that arises here is determination of the validity of the Carinas power of attorney authority and considering conflicting information from the family members. Clearly, this conflict raises concerns regarding the validity of the power of attorney in this case. Moreover, Tom raises another ethical issue concerning enduring guardianship and provision of palliative care treatment. The Guardianship Act 1987 (NSW) makes it possible for a patient to appoint an enduring guardian to make decisions for him/her in the event of incapacitation. The authority of the guardian continues even when the patient is incapacitated (New South Wales Government 2016). In the case of Tom, an ethical dilemma arises when Jimmy claims that his father signed advance documentation granting his wife enduring guardianship authority. Finally, the palliative care medical team comprises physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, social workers, chaplains and other medical practitioners. This multidisciplinary team works closely with patients and their families to provide the best care for the patient. The NFR, not for CPR and not for ICU admission are important and necessary orders in the provision of healthcare in Australia (Sidhu, Dunkley and Egan, 2007). The purpose of these orders is to support the autonomy of the patient while preventing the implementation of non-beneficial medical interventions (Yuen, Reid and Fetters, 2011). These signed notes from the team raises a range of ethical dilemmas in making decisions regarding provision of palliative care for Tom. Establish Decision-making goals A better understanding of the medical ethic would play a critical role in making decisions and providing adequate care for the terminally ill patients (Hallenbeck, 2006). My first goal would be to determine consent in providing treatment for Tom. It is important to attain informed consent before commencing the provision of palliative care for Tom. The patient has a legal right to make treatment decisions and must make consent for the decisions involving the provision of his/her medical care. In case of Tom, there was a clear violation of his right to informed consent given that morphine was administered regardless of his protestation. It is important to determine the capacity of the patient to make informed decisions. When the patient is incapacitated, a substitute decision maker, probably the immediate family member assumes the authority and responsibility of making the treatment decision on their behalf (Australian Government 2016). The Guardianship and Management of Property Act19 91(ACT) for each state and territory provides guidelines and outlines providing alternative or substitute decision maker in the event the patient is incapable to make treatment decisions. Regardless of the decision maker, the law requires that the person be provided with adequate information and support to make appropriate decisions concerning their treatment (Lamba et al., 2013). In provision of palliative care, informed consent should entail information concerning the benefits, risks and consequences of a given treatment intervention. It is important to determine whether Tom was given adequate information concerning the importance of morphine administration in order for him to offer informed consent regarding treatment. My second goal would be to establish the validity of the power of attorney. It is important for me to establish exactly under what circumstances the power of attorney in NSW apply and if it is valid in Toms case. According to the Powers of Attorney Act 2003,(NSW),the attorney, who is appointed by the principle in writing, is only allowed to make any financial transactions and decisions with the principles money,assets,real estate or shares among others. The Act does not provide for the attorney making any personal decisions concerning the principle, which includes medical or health care decisions. Consequently, Carina in this case is not allowed to decide the medical fate of her father and therefore as a nurse, I am not allowed to act as per instruction. My third goal would be to determine the validity of the issues regarding the enduring guardianship that were raised by Jimmy. Jimmy claims that Tom did appoint his wife Cec as his enduring guardian, and that in this capacity, her decision should be considered in Toms administration of treatment. The Guardianship Act 1987 (NSW), allows for a person in their right capacity to appoint an enduring guardian, who has legal authority to make decisions regarding health and lifestyle on behalf of that person. This may include the type of health care the person receives, where they may live and agreeing to medical treatment among others. This means that the case of Tom,Cec can make decisions on the palliative care to be administered to Tom, including treatment. However, her capacity as Toms guardian,Cec is required to consider Toms past wishes and views. She is also required to consider the views of the medical practitioners and important people in Toms life before making any decisions. She is Toms substitute decision maker and I should by all means work in consultation with her towards restoring Toms condition. My fourth goal would be to determine the validity of the issue regarding the advance care paper also raised by Jimmy. According to The Common Law of NSW, Advance Care Directives are accepted and legally binding. The NSW Supreme Court confirmed this in 2009.Advance care directives are instructions given by a person while in their right capacity about their desired future medical care. In the event that a person is not able to make medical decisions on their own, doctors, health care professionals and family members are required to act as per the patients advance care directives.In this case of Tom,his advance care directive should be consulted as a guide in the administration of treatment. It amounts to upholding the patients rights to consent or refuse medical treatment even at the point of death(Advance Care Planning 2015). My filth goal is on how to address the NFR, not for CPR and not for ICU admission instructions made by the medical registrar with consulting team. Often times, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) is administered as a default treatment to patients whose heart stops beating, in the absence of a withhold order( Waldron et al,2016).For Tom, the instruction, not for CPR,was rightly administered. This is the case for Not for resuscitation(NFR),which in most countries is used bar the use of CPR on patients in cases where it will be of no help or where the patient refuses.ICU is administered to patients who are seriously ill, whose body fails to function normally. For example chronic respiratory failure, infections and renal failure among others. Tom did not qualify for ICU admission since his body could still support the various function at this particular time. Therefore, the instructions were all valid. Select a course of action Based on findings of the decision making goals, first I will not withdraw the administration of morphine treatment to introduce a better treatment as requested by Carina, who is only an attoney.Instead I will require to be served with the advance care paper that Tom had signed in order to honor his right to choose his medical treatment and care. The advance care directive will also serve to unite the family in decision making. Secondly, together with other medical practitioners; we will take Cec, Toms wife, through all the available medical options for Tom and give her an opportunity to decide on the best way forward References Australian Government, 2016. 10. Review of State and Territory Legislation: informed consent to medical treatment. [Online]. Accessed 3 May 2017 https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/10-review-state-and-territory-legislation/informed-consent-medical-treatment Guardianship and Management of Property Act1991(ACT) ss 32B, 32D;Mental Health Act2009(SA) ss 56, 57. Hallenbeck, J., 2006. A Palliative Ethic of Care: Clinical Wisdom at Lifes End. Lamba, S., Bonanni, M., Courage, C.A., Nagurka, R. and Zalenski, R.J., 2013. When a patient declines curative care: management of a ruptured aortic aneurysm.Western Journal of Emergency Medicine,14(5), p.555-558 New South Wales Government, 2016. Guardianship Act 1987 No 257. [Online]. Accessed 3 May 2017. https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/act/1987/257 Sidhu, N.S., Dunkley, M.E. and Egan, M.J., 2007. " Not-for-resuscitation" orders in Australian public hospitals: policies, standardised order forms and patient information leaflets.Medical journal of Australia,186(2), p.72-75 Waldron, N, Johnson, C, Saul, P, Waldron, H, Chong, J, Hill, A, Hayes, B 2016, 'Development of a video-based education and process change intervention to improve advance cardiopulmonary resuscitation decision-making', BMC Health Services Research, 16, pp. 1-10. Yuen, J.K., Reid, M.C. and Fetters, M.D., 2011. Hospital do-not-resuscitate orders: why they have failed and how to fix them.Journal of general internal medicine,26(7), pp.791-797.

Values Essays - Szd Speech, DraftHolzner, Anton,

Values The Vales that you develop as you go threw life determine what kind of a person you become. Most of my values I learned were from my family, my friends, and the people that I admire. There are certain things that I value in my life; one of those is the friends that I made when I lived in Heidelberg, Germany for two years. Another thing that I value is having a chance to live in Europe for two years. Finally the last value that I would like to talk about is my relationship with my parents. The Guys that I made friends with in Heidelberg are probably gone to be my best friends for the rest of my life. The reason why I value these friends so much is because I really do not think that I could find another group of guys like them. When I first moved to Germany at the beginning of my junior year I met these guys and we went on a trip to the Octoberfest in Munich. We had a great time and ever since that trip we have all been the best of friends and nothing really has come between us. I think one of the reasons we are such good friends is that do not let girls come between us. I have seen so many friendships ruined because some guy has a girlfriend that he spends all his time with, and he kind of forgets about spending time with his boys. So my buddies and I have this kind of value, I guess you call it, bros before whoes, which means no matter how fine or how special the girl is she will never come first. There was no particular event that made us become closer friends I thin k that we are just have a lot of the same interest and that is what makes us such close friends. We have a great time when we are together it does not matter where we are as long as we are with each other we will have a great time Being able to live in Europe for two years was a great experience for me. When my parents first told me that we were going to be moving to Germany I was a little upset. But I am glad we did because I was able to experience so many things that kids in the States would never get to experience. For instance, I was able to drink some really good beer. I traveled to a lot of places and events that kids in the States were not able to go to. I went to the Octoberfest, Love Parade, spring break in Ibiza, Spain, and a whole lot of other stuff. If I never lived in Germany I would have never been able to experience all the things that I did. Living in Germany was a valuable experience for me because I think it gave me a different perspective of the world. My good relationship with my parents is something that I value because some kids do not have the pleasure of having a good relationship with their parents. I can pretty much tell my parents anything and they will be cool with it. For example my parents know that I drink. They understand that I am going to drink and as long as I am safe and responsible about it my parents do not have a problem with me drinking. A lot of times my dad will come out with my buddies and I when we go drinking. I dont have to go around lying and hide to my parents that I drink like a lot of other kids do. My parents and I rarely ever get into fights. So a good relationship with my parents is something that I value a lot. Values are something that everybody has. They are basically what shape a person into who they are. Without the values that I learned from my parents, my friends, and people that I look up to I would not be the person that I am today. Health Care

Free Essays on History Of Jeeps

It would be tempting to say that the history of the jeep in the Philippines started with the return of the conquering American forces led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur during the closing days of 1944. This is not true, however. The history of the jeep in this country began much earlier than that. It began during the closing months of 1941, when the threat of war loomed large in the Philippines and in fact in South East Asia. Just before December 7 of that year, a shipment must have arrived of early jeeps, as well as other cars and trucks. These of course were not the standardized WWII Willys MB or Ford GPW. The earliest Willys MBs were delivered only during November 1941: too late to get to the Philippines before Dec. 7. In all probability, these jeeps delivered before the start of WWII were Willys MAs, Ford GPs, and quite possibly Bantam BRCs. There are numerous photos of Ford GPs in US Army use during training exercises with the Philippine Army in Fort McKinley, now called Fort Bonifacio, the writer having photos that were published in a contemporary issue of Life Magazine. Further, right after the war, this writer can attest to a Ford GP driving around in Manila, painted light green, with its characteristic axles offset to the left, blue louvered taillights, and script Ford embossed on the tail panel. Noted restorer Danon Dizon from Angeles, Pampanga and now Baltimore, Maryland has photo evidence of an MA in service in the Philippines prior to December 7, 1941. Then again, there are the persistent rumors of a BRC somewhere in Northern Luzon, and there are reports that the Japanese forces captured a Bantam BRC in the Philippines, brought it back to Japan, where it was used as a model for the first Toyota Land Cruiser whose grille and headlamps located on the fenders are reminiscent of the BRC and the MA. There appears to be no doubt that the three pre-production prototypes (BRC, MA and GP) were in the Philippines even before t... Free Essays on History Of Jeeps Free Essays on History Of Jeeps It would be tempting to say that the history of the jeep in the Philippines started with the return of the conquering American forces led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur during the closing days of 1944. This is not true, however. The history of the jeep in this country began much earlier than that. It began during the closing months of 1941, when the threat of war loomed large in the Philippines and in fact in South East Asia. Just before December 7 of that year, a shipment must have arrived of early jeeps, as well as other cars and trucks. These of course were not the standardized WWII Willys MB or Ford GPW. The earliest Willys MBs were delivered only during November 1941: too late to get to the Philippines before Dec. 7. In all probability, these jeeps delivered before the start of WWII were Willys MAs, Ford GPs, and quite possibly Bantam BRCs. There are numerous photos of Ford GPs in US Army use during training exercises with the Philippine Army in Fort McKinley, now called Fort Bonifacio, the writer having photos that were published in a contemporary issue of Life Magazine. Further, right after the war, this writer can attest to a Ford GP driving around in Manila, painted light green, with its characteristic axles offset to the left, blue louvered taillights, and script Ford embossed on the tail panel. Noted restorer Danon Dizon from Angeles, Pampanga and now Baltimore, Maryland has photo evidence of an MA in service in the Philippines prior to December 7, 1941. Then again, there are the persistent rumors of a BRC somewhere in Northern Luzon, and there are reports that the Japanese forces captured a Bantam BRC in the Philippines, brought it back to Japan, where it was used as a model for the first Toyota Land Cruiser whose grille and headlamps located on the fenders are reminiscent of the BRC and the MA. There appears to be no doubt that the three pre-production prototypes (BRC, MA and GP) were in the Philippines even before t...

The Externalities of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

The Externalities of Education - Essay Example ed belief that children who are educated in public schooling systems benefit the society (Friedman, 1993), in three forms; educated society, higher pays (Kling, 2008), and a diversity from socio-cultural aspects (Huylenbroeck, Vandermeule, Mettepenningen & Verspecht, 2007). Public education contributes to an educated society on the whole. A person who is well educated learns virtues and values from his education, enabling him to be a better citizen of the society (Friedman, 1993), e.g. a student who is taught not to steal even if he may be hungry or poor, generates externalities for the society by preventing crime. An educated citizen is also a better voter which also inturn contributes to the society in turn (Friedman, 1993). They make communities safer and better place, more likely to make good decision when electing a leader, low crime rates and higher living standards. Higher pays result from public schooling. Public schooling renders more children exposure and ability to educate themselves, provides opportunities to those who cannot afford education and propagates a system that results in closing the gap between rich and poor; thus contributing to higher indexes of education, leading to higher pay scales of public (Kling, 2008). The higher the pay scales, the better will be the ability of citizens to pay their taxes, expand businesses and hire more workers, thus contributing further to the society benefits. Public schooling affords a socio-cultural diversity to the educated community. People from ethnic and neglected backgrounds gain a chance at educating themselves thus improving their circumstances (Huylenbroeck, et. al, 2007). The cultural and socio economic diversity at these schools makes them ideal for children to gain experience of living together with children of versatile communities; furthermore it allows children to develop cognitively, socio-emotionally, and character wise (teendiversophy, 2006). Public K12 education based on the externalities

Influences and Interest for Pursuing a Career in Medicine Essay

Influences and Interest for Pursuing a Career in Medicine - Essay Example The researcher’s family has been the most important influence in his decision to choose medicine as the profession. Many of the author’s family members, including his parents, are doctors and discussion about their patients, different types of illnesses and new discoveries and invention in the medical field have always fascinated the researcher throughout the childhood. The researcher remembers that when one of his far-off relatives had died of cancer at his young age, his father was highly upset. He said it was curable and had his parents consulted him, he could still be alive The researcher always remembers this and believe that as doctors, they can, not only help people to lead a healthy and active life but also prolong life with proper medical care. At the same time, one could also help dispel myths about diseases which were once not curable but now with advancement in science, a cure is easy and relatively cheaper. Another very important thing is that biology is th e author’s favorite subject and he has always been a high achiever in the subject in his academics. The researcher loves reading medical journals and he always pays attention to any news for advances in medical sciences. He also likes to attend to the sick people. From the childhood, the author has been drawn towards community service and working with the underprivileged. His father gives free medical consultancy to poor on Sundays in the local Church. The researcher always tries to go there and act as his assistant! It has made him more determined to get a medical degree from a good college and serve poor people. The author is a highly driven person and till now, his academic excellence could be contributed to his grandfather who was not only a very good surgeon but also a philanthropist who helped build a hospital for the poor. He has been the researcher’s main motivator and also his mentor. He has ensured that the author develops moral and ethical values.

Earthquakes in GCC countries Essay Example for Free

Earthquakes in GCC countries Essay An Earthquake known also as tremor is resulted from a sudden release of energy ,which takes place in the earths crust, which then creates seismic waves. They are vibrations triggered by movement of rocks that have been strained (deformed) beyond their elastic limit. This activity called seismicity or seismism of an area refers to type , size and frequency over a time period. Earthquakes are measured using many instruments ( up to atleast 20 different types of measures) seismometers and the richter scale are most common and known, and ranges from 1. hich is the smallest to 9. 0, typically the highest possible value of any earthquake . They occur along faults, faults are fractures in the lithosphere caused by regions of rock rubbing against each other and become displaced. Earthquake terms: Seismic waves: These spread out towards all directions when the fault ruptures. Focus: The location from where the seismic waves are released. Epicenter: The point directly above the focus, on the earths surface. Earthquake damage depends on a number of factors such as: Distance from epicenter Magnitude of the earthquake Type of building construction (materials etc) Time of day Population around epicenter and other damages. Earthquakes forecasting Scientists have not been so successful in finding ways to make short term predictions as they seem to be very unpredictable however a lot of research and effort has been put into this in hope of finding a reliable system or device for short term earthquake environments scientists can make accounts of reasonable forecasts of where and how large an earthquake might be. In GCC: In the United Arab Emirates over the years a few minor earthquakes have taken lace, as assumed earlier this is no longer safe from this natural disaster. Especially with neighboring countries having major earthquakes such as Iran, which now has raised many questions as to if there is only a matter of time till when UAE faces one. GCC are now being monitored by several groups from United states of America and local groups also in the IJAE. Every year some earthquake tremors are felt due to the ones that have occurred in Iran and these vary in magnitude. Iran sits on multiple fault lines because of which the country faces earthquakes nearly everyday. n the 20th century itself, earthquakes have taken 126,000 lives according to the Encyclopedia Iranica. Sharjah residents of the Madam area situated on the Dubai-Fujairah road experienced a moderate intensity earthquake(3. 1)of Jus a few seconds,which sent panic waves across the residents forcing them to come out in the open when things stared moving inside their homes and business however no losses or deaths were resulted. This was a 1st time that the area noticed an earthquake generated locally. The last earthquake experienced by the region was on the 8th of May last year when 5. 5 magnitude earthquake hit the northern emirates 67 kms from Fujairah in the seas of the Gulf of Oman. Seismologists say, the UAE is located close to the Major Earthquake Zone and also has 3 local fault zones located at Wadi Ham,near Dibba, and between Bidyah and Jebel Sahal. Plates and Fault lines in the Region: A UAE based geologist suggests that Iran-style earthquakes are very unlikely to occur in the IJAE, because the tremore felt in the I-JAE are not caused by the same factors as those in Iran. Dr. Fowler suggested that in the area where maximum amount of aterial is being pushed aside,right at the edge of the plate is where most earthquakes occur,hence Iran. He also added that stresses become weaker and weaker the further they get from the egde,so Dubai is a much safer location where ther isnt any direct tectonic stress effects,ruling out the possibility of bigger earthquakes. Stresses are transmitted and that builds up to a bigger quake however before the build up there are lots of smaller quakes, there is no particular reason for the stresses to build up to a bigger quake though. Kuwaiti seismologist Dr. Faryal Bu Rabee has warned that a major earthquake is imminent in Iran which would have disastrous effects on the Gulf Arab states. He suggested that the epicenter would be in the Kerman area of South Iran, located north of the UAE. The last earthquake which magnitude earthquake on the 24th of November ,2005. Dr Fowler based her calculation on historic and scientific factors adding that the earthquake magnitudes could go up to 8 on the Richter scale. She also said that such earthquakes can result in a Tsunami which other scientists do not agree with,according to them a tsunami in he gulf is very unlikely because it is not deep enough. The Sea of oman which borders Iran opens into the larger n vast Arabian Sea where tsunamis have been recorded in the past. The last earthquake to rock the region was a 5. 9 February 08 quake, which was 10kms deep and located at about 250 kms frm Dubai Abu Dhabi. She also said any earthquake that occurs in the southern region of Iran frm the Zagros Mountains to the Makran Coast will have an effect on the Gulf Arab states. On Nov 28 1945, an 8. 1 magnitude quake had hit the Arabian Sea resulting in a tsunami that reached as far as Pakistan and India. Tsunami Hawaii-Based researcher George Pararas studied the Makran quake and tsunami,which caused 13metre waves of the Markan coast and 11 metre waves on the Gujrat India Coast killing 4000 people off the Makran coast. Fowler concluded by saying earthquake activity is not frequent in the country and it would definately take much longer to identify the trends on the Seismic activity in the region as compared to other regions that are more earthquake prone. However I-JAES close proximity to Iran which sits on multiple fault lines means that most the earthquakes felt there will also be felt in the IJAE.

Coppolas Adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula Essay -- Movie Film comp

Coppola's Adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula      Ã‚   The legendary creature Dracula has mesmerized readers and viewers for nearly a century. In Bram Stoker's masterpiece, Dracula, the infamous monster affects each reader in a different way. Some find the greatest fear to be the sacrilegious nature of his bloodsucking attacks, while others find themselves most afraid of Dracula's shadow-like omnipresent nature. The fascination with Dracula has assimilated into all parts of society. Dracula can now be seen selling breakfast cereals, making appearances on Sesame Street, and on the silver screen. Countless film adaptations of Stoker's original novel have been undertaken by the some of the most skilled directors in Hollywood including, Francis Ford Coppola who completed a film adaptation of Dracula in 1993.    In creating his film, Coppola strived to create a film that remained true to Stoker's original creation. In fact, he insisted upon calling the movie Bram Stoker's Dracula, but in reality the movie fell well short of his lofty goals. Coppola realized the complexity of Dracula's character and hoped to combine all of the irresistible qualities that have made him legendary. Coppola however, became too attached to the loving seductive nature of Dracula and neglected the monster's horror. Stoker's original novel centers on the fear Dracula creates and the omnipotent nature of his existence. Dracula only directly appears in the novel a few places. The majority of his existence occurs on a sub textual level, which starkly contrasts the most recent film version.    In Coppola's film, Dracula has a very active and visual role in almost every scene. It is quite understandable the temptation Coppola had of showing Dracula a... ... it is not. The movie is simply a vehicle for making money and is not truly a retelling of the original Dracula. The story is not Stoker's and is merely Coppola's representation of what he feels Dracula means to people in the twentieth century. The film has certain aspects of fear but falls drastically short of the fear that exists in Stoker's classic story. The movie will simply be added to the long list of films that have attempted to recapture the magical horror of Stoker's novel but have fallen drastically short.    Works Cited    Holte, James Craig. Dracula in the Dark: The Dracula Film Adaptations. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. New York: Signet, 1992. Bram Stoker's Dracula. Screenplay by James V. Hart. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Perf. Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder, Anthony Hopkins, Keanu Reeves. Columbia Tristar, 1992.

JPMorgan Chase Essay

JPMorgan Chase is one of the oldest and most respected banks in the United States. However, during the summer of 2012 Chase announced trading losses and bad investment decisions that resulted in a loss of approximately $5.8 billion. Not only did they report this substantial loss they admitted to falsifying their first quarter reports, were they where attempting to conceal the massive loss. Three months prior to this event JPMorgan Chase was viewed as the top American bank. The first question to be discussed in this paper will be what actions can Administrative Agencies such the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take to prevent high risk gambles in securities/banking which are one of the main cornerstones of this country’s economy. According to the SEC, their â€Å"main mission is to protect investors, to maintain fair, orderly, efficient markets and facilitate capital formation† (www.sec.gov) One of the ways that SEC does this is by requiring public companies to disclose meaningful financial information to the public to help the public decide which companies will be the best to invest in. In response to the JPMorgan Chase revelation SEC Chairperson Mary Shapiro told the Senate Banking Committee that â€Å"her agency’s investigation is limited, because the trades happened in divisions of the banking giant that are not subject to SEC regulation†. She also stated that â€Å"we (the SEC) did not have any direct oversight or knowledge of the transactions†. In addition to the above statements Ms. Shapiro stated that â€Å"the SEC’s investigation would target the appropriateness and completeness of the entity’s (JPMorgan Chase) financial reporting and other public disclosure s† (Liberto, 2012). Next I will discuss the Commodity and Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC) main purpose as well as some of its other responsibilities. The Commodity and Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC)  main purpose is to regulate commodity futures and options markets. Its goals include the promotion of competitive and efficient futures markets and the protection of investors against manipulation, abusive trade practices and fraud (www.sec.gov). Gary Gensler, chairman of the CFTC told the Senate Banking Committee that â€Å"he couldn’t provide specific information about the investigation, but he did say that he first learned about the questionable trades from press reports. He also stated that the CFTC does not have regulators on the ground to look at bank trades yet. Chairman Gensler also told the Banking Committee that currently, the American public is not protected in that way (e.g. having regulators looking at the trades as they happen) (Liberto, 2012). Regulators have been struggling for months trying to figure out who should be included in a new crackdown on swaps and derivatives. Swaps and derivatives are complex financial bets derived from other financial products. Gensler made it clear that once the Dodd-Frank Wall Street reforms are fully implemented it will be illegal for JPMorgan Chase to make the kinds of trades that resulted in the $5.8 billion loss. He also clarified that Dodd-Frank allows for trades made to hedge against â€Å"individual and aggregate positions† – not to guard against future economic losses, as the JPMorgan trades have been described (Liberto, 2012). Next I will cover the elements of a valid contract, as well as discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of god faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship â€Å"A contract is a legally enforceable promise or set of promises. If the promise is broken, the person to whom the promise was mad – the promise – has certain legal rights against the person who made the promise – the promisor† (Bagley, 2012). There are 4 basic elements to a contract and they are: 1) offer and acceptance, 2) consideration, 3) both parties must have the capacity to enter into a contract, 4) the contract must have a legal purpose. â€Å"The offer is a manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain that justifies another person in understanding that his or her assent will conclude the bargain† (Bagley, 2012). Acceptance indicates the receiving person’s willingness to enter into the agreement proposed in the offer (Bagley, 2012). Consideration is something of value that is provided by both parties (Bagley, 2012). Lastly, a valid contract requires that both parties have the capacity to enter into the agreement (Bagley, 2012. Next I will discuss the duty of god faith and fair dealing  in the consumer/banking relationship. Prior to 1929, Massachusetts expressly provided that good faith was applicable to all contracts. In 1929, the Supreme Judicial Court, in addressing a breach of contract claim under an option agreement for the purchase of stock in an oil-producing leasehold, expressly stated, for the first time, that there was an obligation of good faith and fair dealing in all contracts. The court emphasized that a business contract â€Å"is to be interpreted as a business transaction entered into by practical men to accomplish an honest and straightforward end†. Beginning in 1936, the duty of good faith was defined as a covenant â€Å"that neither party shall do anything which will have the effect of destroying or injuring the right of the other party to receive the fruits of the contract†. This â€Å"fruits† articulation of the duty of good faith remains intact today and is regularly quoted as the operative standard (Weigand, 2013). The next topic is to compare and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent tort actions. There are several types of intentional torts and they are: torts against persons, intentional torts that involve personal property, and intentional torts with regard to economic interest and business relationships. There are also several types of negligent torts. Two of which are: duty to rescue and duty to invitees. Intentional torts against consist of battery, assault, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, defamation, and invasion of privacy. The key word in all of these intentional torts is intent or purpose to cause harm to another. Intentional torts against property include trespass of land, nuisance, conversion, and trespass to personal property. Intent and purpose are also why these are considered intentional. The key difference between these two torts is that one is against people and the other is a misuse of another’s property. An individual has to purpose commit these acts. Negligent torts consist of different types of duties. Duty is when a person with a legal duty to another is required to act, reasonably, under the circumstances to avoid harming the other person. Some examples of this are duty to rescue and duty to invitees. Duties are basically an obligation that one person is legally bound to perform for another. In comparing the two types of torts we find that intentional torts are torts that people commit against other people. Negligence also others but it is a failure to perform that causes the injury or unjust action. An  example of this comparison is the intentional tort of battery and failure to perform the duty to rescue. When I commit battery I cause harm to another, when I fail to perform the duty to rescue the other individual also suffers harm but it is because I failed to act. In contrast intentional torts are actions committed against another and negligence is when I fail to take action on another. Next I will discuss the tort action of â€Å"interference with contractual relations and participating in a breach of fiduciary duty†. Interference with contractual relations protects the right to enjoy the benefits of legal ly binding agreements. It provides a remedy when the defendant intentionally induces another person to breach a contract with a plaintiff. Interference with contractual relations requires intent to interfere. The existence of a contract is the difference between tortuous interference and the more difficult to prove tortuous interference with prospective contractual relations. The most famous case of tortuous interference was Pennzoil v Texaco which occurred in 1983 (Bagley, 2013). Similarly a defendant who knowingly participates in, or induces a breach of fiduciary duty by another commits the tort of participation in a breach of fiduciary duty. Lastly, I believe that if god grounds exist for the interference, such as exists in the JPMorgan Chase case then I should be able to prevail in the tort action. Lastly, I will cover how banks protect the software that allows for online transactions. Most banks protect the customers who participate in online transactions through what is called the Online Banking Guarantee. This protection covers your banking and personal information. It is the banks responsibility to ensure the customers protection while the customer engages in online transactions. In most if not all case the customer is 100% covered in the case of theft of funds. One of main defenses for software protection is through complex encryption systems. Another deterrent is simply the vast amount of software that is available for online banking. So between the wide array of software and encryption systems online banking transaction are relatively safe. In this paper I have covered several topics and they are as follows: What actions Administrative Agency’s take to be effective in preventing high-risk gambles in securities and banking, the elements of a valid contract and the duty of good faith and fair dealing between banks and consumers, comparing and contrasting intentional and negligent torts, the tort action of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Interference with contractual relations and participating in a breach of fiduciary duty, and lastly, how banks protect the software that they use for online banking. References Bagley, C. (2013). Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Century, 7th Edition. Mason: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Liberto, J. (2012) CNN Money. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/22/news/economy/jp-morgan-senate/index.htm U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission: http://www.cftc.gov/index.htm U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: http://www.sec.gov/ Weigand, T. (2013) . The Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealng in Commercial Contracts in Massachusetts, Massachusetts Law Review. Retrieved 10Sep13

Big Problems with Massive Open Online Courses

Massive  Open Online Courses (commonly known as MOOCs) are free, publicly-available classes with high enrollment. With MOOCs, you can enroll in a course at no cost, do as much work as you please, and learn just about anything from computer science to transcendental poetry. Platforms like EdX, Coursera, and Udacity bring together colleges and professors that want to contribute to the field of open education. The Atlantic called MOOCs the single most important experiment in higher education and theres no doubt that they are changing the way we learn. However, not everything in the world of open education is going well. As MOOCs have become more popular, their problems have become more pronounced. Hello†¦Is Anybody Out There? One of the biggest problems with MOOCs is their impersonal nature. In many cases, thousands of students enroll in a single section with a single instructor. Sometimes the instructor is only a facilitator rather than the course creator, and other times the instructor is absent altogether. Assignments designed to be interactive such as group discussions can reinforce the impersonal nature of these large courses. Its hard enough for a class of 30 to get to know each other, forget learning the names of your 500 peers. For some subjects, particularly those that are math and science heavy, this isnt a major problem. But, arts and humanities course traditionally rely on in-depth discussion and debate. Learners often feel that they are missing something when they study in isolation. A Student Without Feedback In traditional classrooms, the point of instructor feedback isnt just to rank students. Ideally, students are able to learn from feedback and catch future mistakes. Unfortunately, in-depth feedback simply isnt possible in most MOOCs. Many instructors teach unpaid and even the most generous simply arent capable of correcting hundreds or thousands of papers a week. In some cases, MOOCs provide automatic feedback in the form of quizzes or interactives. However, without a mentor, some students find themselves repeating the same mistakes over and over again. Few Make it to the Finish Line MOOCS: Many will try but few will pass. Those high enrollment numbers may be deceiving. When enrollment is nothing more than a few mouse clicks, getting a class of 1000 can be simple. People find out through social media, blog posts, or internet surfing and enroll in just a couple minutes. But, they soon fall behind or forget to log in to the course from the beginning. In many cases, this isnt a negative. It gives the student the chance to try out a subject without risk and allows access to materials for those that may not be willing to make a larger time commitment. However, for some students, the low completion rate means that they just werent able to stay on top of the work. The self-motivated, work-as-you-please atmosphere doesnt work for everyone. Some students thrive in a more structured environment with set deadlines and in-person motivation. Forget About the Fancy Paper Currently, theres no way to earn a degree by taking MOOCs. There has been a lot of talk about awarding credit for MOOC completion, but little action has been taken. Although there are a few ways to earn college credit, its best to think about MOOCs as a way to enrich your life or further your education without receiving formal recognition. Academia is About the Money - At Least a Little Open education has offered many benefits to students. But, some worry about the negative repercussions to teachers. In many cases, professors are developing and teaching MOOCs (as well as providing e-textbooks) for free. While professorial pay has never been particularly high, instructors used to be able to count on making a supplemental income from research, textbook writing, and additional teaching assignments. When professors become expected to do more for free, one of two things will happen: colleges will need to adjust salaries accordingly or many of the most talented academics will find work elsewhere. Students benefit when they learn from the best and brightest, so this is a concern that will increasingly affect everyone in the academic sphere.